About Book

Engineering geology is the application of the geological sciences to engineering study for the purpose of assuring that the geological factors regarding the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and accounted for. Engineering Geology involves the study and exploitation, as well as preservation, of the uppermost portion of the Earth's crust. Engineering Geology helps to ensure a stable and cost-effective model for construction projects. Gathering geological information for a project site is important in the planning, design and construction phase of an engineering project. Multidisciplinary knowledge spanning the earth sciences and a number of specialized engineering disciplines is essential in engineering geology investigations. Earth sciences, rock and soil mechanics, groundwater hydraulics, and geotechnical engineering are fundamental studies of engineering geologists. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of engineering geology. It traces the evolution of this field and talks in detail about its importance in the present-day scenario. It deals with paleozoic geology, geotectonic setting, geophysical data, laser altimetry, volcano geology, hydrogeology and geodynamics. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field. Also included in it a detailed explanation of the various concept and applications of this subject. It aims to serve as a resource guide for academicians and facilitate to the study of the discipline.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Laser Altimetry: What Can Be Learned About Geology and Surface Processes from Detailed Topography....................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Digital elevation models – lidar.........................................................2

3. Visualization...........................................................................................8

4. Modern day processes: Watersheds and erosion ........................15

5. Examples of other lidar DEM geoscience applications .............20

6. Conclusions..........................................................................................38

7. Acknowledgements.............................................................................40

Chapter 2 Integration of Satellite Imagery, Geology and Geophysical

Data..............................................................................................................45

1. Introduction..........................................................................................45

2. Methodology .......................................................................................45

3. Satellite imagery ................................................................................47

4. Extraction of information from satellite imagery .......................50

5. Integration of satellite imagery and geology ...............................52

6. Integration of satellite imagery and geophysics .........................58

7. Consistent deep geological models from data integration .......68

8. Conclusion ...........................................................................................72

9. Acknowledgements.............................................................................74

Chapter 3 Layered Gabbroids of the Pekulney Ridge, Chukotka, Northeastern Russia: Geology, Petrography, Age, and Geodynamics..................78

Abstract.................................................................................................78

1. Introduction..........................................................................................79

2. Area geology and tectonics: factual data and theoretical

discussions in brief retrospective.....................................................83

3. Svetlorechensky gabbro complex: general issues.........................89

4. Svetlorechensky gabbro complex as a geodynamical

indicator..............................................................................................113

5. Conclusions........................................................................................119

Chapter 4 Hydrogeology and Groundwater Geochemistry of the Clastic

Aquifer and Its Assessment for Irrigation, Southwest Kuwait..126

Abstract...............................................................................................126

1. Introduction........................................................................................127

2. Hydrogeology....................................................................................130

3. Objectives of the study....................................................................131

4. Methodology......................................................................................131

5. Analyses and evaluation of pumping test data..........................132

6. Mechanisms of controlling groundwater chemistry..................133

7. Geochemical evolution of groundwater.......................................138

8. Drinking and irrigation water quality..........................................143

9. Conclusion..........................................................................................152

Acknowledgements...........................................................................153

Chapter 5 Geology, Textural Study, Ore Genesis and Processing of the

Tabuaço Tungsten Deposit (Northern Portugal).............................157

Abstract...............................................................................................157

1. Introduction........................................................................................158

2. Regional geology...............................................................................159

3. Deposit geology.................................................................................161

4. Sampling and analytical methods.................................................162

5. Results.................................................................................................163

6. Discussion...........................................................................................171

7. Conclusion: integrated mineralogy into a geometallurgical

approach.............................................................................................175

Acknowledgements...........................................................................177

Chapter 6 Geology and Geotectonic Setting of the Basement Complex

Rocks in South Western Nigeria: Implications on Provenance

and Evolution...........................................................................................181

1. Introduction........................................................................................181

2. Geology of southwestern Nigeria basement complex .............181

3. Geochronology of the basement rocks of southwestern

Nigeria.................................................................................................185

4. Geological setting of southwestern Nigeria basement

complex...............................................................................................186

5. Geochemistry ..................................................................................190

6. The biotite granite gneiss ...............................................................192

7. Rare earth elements (REE) .............................................................194

8. Geochronology .................................................................................195

9. Provenance and evolution of the Southwestern Nigeria basement

rocks.....................................................................................................200

10. Summary and conclusions..............................................................207

Chapter 7 Late Proterozoic – Paleozoic Geology of the Golan Heights and Its

Relation to the Surrounding Arabian Platform .............................211

1. Introduction........................................................................................211

2. Methods..............................................................................................216

3. Results ..............................................................................................220

4. Discusson .........................................................................................228

5. Summary.............................................................................................234

Citation......................................................................................................241

Index...........................................................................................................243

About Author

Christian Salmani obtained his Ph.D. in Geological Science from Science College, Mankwe. His main interest areas are soil mechanics, rock mechanics, geotechnics, groundwater, hydrology, and civil design. He is serving as an Associate Professor at University College, Gwanda. Salmani has written numerous articles and research papers on engineering geology, soil mechanics, soil microbiology and soil nutrients, which have been published worldwide. He has organized many training programs, workshops and conferences in the field of geology.