About Book

Fish and fisheries are an integral part of most societies and make important contributions to economic and social well-being and prosperity in numerous nations and territories. Fisheries resources must be managed to ensure that stocks are harvested at sustainable levels for the benefit of present and future generations. The goal of fisheries management is to produce sustainable biological, social, and economic benefits from renewable aquatic resources. Fisheries management employs activities that protect fishery resources so sustainable exploitation is possible, drawing on fisheries science and possibly including the precautionary principle. Modern fisheries management is often referred to as a governmental system of appropriate management rules based on defined objectives and a mix of management means to implement the rules, which are put in place by a system of monitoring control and surveillance. It requires concepts and techniques from fields like oceanography, marine biology, wildlife conservation, etc. This book on fisheries concentrates on techniques that promote sustainable fish harvesting. It presents the current situation of biodiversity, fisheries, chondrichthyes, hydrologic alteration, mediterranean fisheries, safeguarding marine biodiversity and small-scale fisheries. Its innovative ideas, detailed case studies, and governance framework provide a global special perspective over time and treat problems in the high seas, community fisheries, industrial fishing, and the many interactions between use and non-use of the oceans. Fully international in its coverage, it is an essential reference for all those involved in fisheries management including fisheries officers, environmental scientists and ecologists, aquatic scientists, those working in rivers and lakes authorities and fish and wildlife departments of governments and universities.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Safeguarding Marine Biodiversity in a Changing World:

Maltese Small-Scale Fisheries and Alien Species..............................1

Abstract ..................................................................................................1

1. Introduction ..........................................................................................2

2. Protecting vulnerable elasmobranch species: targeting marine

biodiversity conservation.....................................................................8

3. Changing marine biodiversity thr-ough increasing presence of

alien species..........................................................................................11

4. Concluding discussion.......................................................................14

Chapter 2 Overview on Mediterranean Shark’s Fisheries: Impact on the Biodiversity.................................................................................................23

Abstract ................................................................................................23

1. Introduction..........................................................................................24

2. Status of elasmobranches in the Mediterranean Sea...................25

3. Elasmobranch fisheries .....................................................................29

4. Compilation of conservation and mitigation measures for

elasmobranch bycatch........................................................................36

5. Conclusion ...........................................................................................39

Chapter 3 Fisheries Bycatch of Chondrichthyes...................................................47

Abstract ................................................................................................47

1. Introduction ........................................................................................47

2. Understanding the impact of fisheries bycatch on

chondrichthyes ...................................................................................52

3. Mitigation options to reduce chondrichthyes bycatch ...............56

4. Case studies ........................................................................................59

5. Conclusion ...........................................................................................63

Chapter 4 Pan-Arctic Fisheries and their Assessment.........................................77

Abstract ...............................................................................................77

1. Introduction..........................................................................................78

2. Barents Sea ..........................................................................................79

3. Fisheries................................................................................................80

4. Fisheries assessment...........................................................................86

5. Arctic Atlantic—Norwegian Sea, Iceland and Greenland Sea...87

6. GREENLAND–CONTINENTAL......................................................96

7. Baffin Bay-Davis Strait .....................................................................97

8. Hudson Bay ......................................................................................104

9. Canadian Archipelago and Arctic mainland...............................105

10. Canadian Arctic Mainland..............................................................108

11. Alaska..................................................................................................111

12. Beaufort Sea.......................................................................................113

13. Chukchi Sea.......................................................................................116

14. Siberia..................................................................................................117

15. General aspects of assessment.......................................................118

16. Conclusion..........................................................................................118

Chapter 5 The Nile Fishes and Fisheries.............................................................129

1. Introduction ......................................................................................129

2. Major lakes of the Nile basin .......................................................131

3. Fish and fisheries of tropical lakes (L. Victoria and L. Tana).132

4. Fish and fisheries of Mid Nile

(Sudan freshwater fish and fisheries)...........................................136

5. Downstream fishes and fisheries

(Egy-ptian freshwater fisheries).....................................................138

6. Water quality in Major Nile basin fisheries and its impact on fish

production..........................................................................................141

7. Freshwater aquaculture in the Nile basin...................................146

8. Economic value of freshwater fisheries of the Nile basin........148

9. Future of freshwater fish production of the Nile basin ..........150

Chapter 6 A Review of the Effects of Hydrologic Alteration on Fisheries and

Biodiversity and the Management and Conservation of Natural

Resources in Regulated River Systems.............................................155

1. Introduction........................................................................................155

2. Alteration of the flow regime.........................................................156

3. Case study..........................................................................................161

4. Hydrologic effects on recruitment, growth, survival................163

5. Hydrologic effects on community structure and biodiversity.168

6. Flow management and modeling..................................................171

Chapter 7 Marine Fisheries in Nigeria: A Review............................................186

Abstract .............................................................................................186

1. Introduction ......................................................................................187

2. The Nigerian fisheries sector ........................................................188

3. Marine fisheries resources in Nigeria .........................................192

4. Status of marine fisheries production in Nigeria.......................193

5. Marine fisheries regulations in Nigeria ......................................194

6. Constraints to optimal marine fisheries production in

Nigeria ...............................................................................................197

7. Conclusion ........................................................................................201

Chapter 8 Oil and Gas Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico: Their Relationship

to Fish and Fisheries..............................................................................211

Abstract...............................................................................................211

1. Introduction........................................................................................212

2. Methods .............................................................................................213

3. Results ................................................................................................218

4. Final Thoughts and Red Snapper..................................................224

Appendices.........................................................................................227

Chapter 9 Fisheries and Biodiversity in the Upper Gulf of California,

Mexico........................................................................................................242

1. Introduction ......................................................................................242

2. Methods .............................................................................................246

3. Results ................................................................................................247

4. Discussion .........................................................................................254

5. Conclusion ........................................................................................256

6. Acknowledgments.............................................................................257

Citation......................................................................................................263

Index...........................................................................................................265

About Author

Brett Stone is an Expert Scholar in Marine Biology and Aquaculture based at Santa Catarina. He has more than two decades of experience in fish farming and aquaculture. He served as a Guest Lecturer at various universities across Europe and America. He has conducted researches in the field of marine ecosystems and marine biology, which has produced over 20 research papers. Stone is an active member of several biological and agricultural societies. He participates in national conferences, workshops and symposiums on a regular basis.