About Book

Fish farms or fish farming is a form of aquaculture. The act of fish farming is about raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures for human consumption. There are different types of fish farms that utilize different aquiculture methods. Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. With the growth of the fishing industry, a number of changes should be taken to ensure that the activity will grow and prosper for many generations. The main current discussion with regard to the development and production of fisheries is the concern with the environment coupled with the search for new technologies. This book focuses on recent advances in fish farming. It deals with angiogenesis, biogeography, freshwater fish, environmental effect, antibacterial drugs, plant-derived compounds, organic farming practices, domestication, oxidation and antioxidants. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field. The topic covered in the extensive book deal with the core subjects of this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge. For all those who are interested in this subject, the book can prove to be an essential guide.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Domestication and Welfare in Farmed Fish........................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Natural and artificial selection...........................................................4

3. Domestication and welfare..................................................................6

4. Assessing welfare in farmed fish.....................................................17

5. Fish domestication and the Five Freedoms...................................18

6. Ethics vs. welfare in fish domestication.........................................21

7. Conclusions..........................................................................................23

Acknowledgements.............................................................................23

Chapter 2 Plant-Derived Compounds as an Alternative Treatment Against Parasites in Fish Farming: A Review...................................................35

Abstract.................................................................................................35

1. Introduction..........................................................................................36

2. Plantderived compounds as fish antiparasitics.............................38

3. Conclusions and future perspectives..............................................50

Chapter 3 Oxidation and Antioxidants in Fish and Meat from Farm to

Fork...............................................................................................................60

1. Introduction..........................................................................................60

2. General effects of lipid oxidation in meat and fish.....................61

3. Antioxidants in feeds.........................................................................65

4. Antioxidants added during processing/effect of processing

techniques.............................................................................................68

5. Antioxidants in meat and fish products........................................77

6. Additional value in antioxidant rich foods...................................80

7. Outlook/novel foods...........................................................................81

Acknowledgements.............................................................................82

Chapter 4 Antibacterial Drugs in Fish Farms: Application and Its Effects...96

1. Introduction..........................................................................................96

2. Antibacterial use in aquaculture......................................................96

3. Treatment options in various aquaculture systems...................114

4. Legal use of antibacterials...............................................................114

5. Problems associated with antibacterial use in aquaculture.....117

6. Antibacterial usage suggestions in aquaculture.........................126

7. Conclusion..........................................................................................129

Chapter 5 Environmental Effect of Using Polluted Water in New/Old

Fish Farms.................................................................................................138

1. Introduction........................................................................................138

2. Locations of samples collected.......................................................142

3. Soil/water samples............................................................................144

4. Summary and conclusions..............................................................154

5. Acknowledgments.............................................................................156

Chapter 6 Embryonic and Larval Development of Freshwater Fish.............159

1. Introduction........................................................................................159

2. Determining the methods of larval development......................160

3. Conclusion..........................................................................................170

Chapter 7 Biogeography and Population Connectivity of Coral Reef

Fishes.........................................................................................................172

1. Introduction........................................................................................172

2. Coral reef fish biogeography: The link between evolutionary and

ecological processes..........................................................................173

3. Quantifying connectivity by estimating larval dispersal..........178

4. How do we account for this variability? A model of passive and

active dispersal..................................................................................185

5. Connectivity is relevant to the management and conservation of

coral reef ecosystems........................................................................189

6. Conclusions and directions for future research.........................190

7. Acknowledgements...........................................................................191

Chapter 8 Modeling Tumor Angiogenesis with Zebrafish .............................207

1. Introduction........................................................................................207

2. Zebrafish embryonic angiogenesis................................................208

3. Modeling tumor angiogenesis in zebrafish.................................210

4. Screening potential therapeutic agents with zebrafish

embryos...............................................................................................214

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................216

Chapter 9 Organic Farming Practices Among Livestock and Fish Farmers in

Southern Nigeria.....................................................................................223

Abstract...............................................................................................223

1. Introduction........................................................................................224

2. Methodology......................................................................................226

3. Results and discussions...................................................................227

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................234

Citation......................................................................................................239

Index...........................................................................................................241

About Author

Paul Faulkner received his M.Sc. in Freshwater and Marine Ecology from Veterinary College, Karpenissi. He is a Research Associate at University College, Florence. His areas of interest are freshwater usage and habitat loss. He holds prominent memberships of international ecological associations and has been an active participant at international conferences and forums. He has written several articles and research papers on methodology of ecophysiology, livestock and fish farming, physiological ecology of vertebrates, comparative physiology and evolutionary physiology.