About Book

Poultry science is a specialization of animal science concerned with finding improved and more effective ways of raising poultry that produce flavorful and healthy eggs and meat. It involves the rearing of domestic birds such as chickens, ducks, geese, etc. for food. It includes breeding, housing, nutrition, management, disease control and marketing. The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. Standardized shelter constructions as well as provision of nutritional feed are responsibilities that have to be undertaken by those rearing poultry birds. Much more than just food production, the study of poultry has led to the development of various human vaccines and vitamins. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of poultry science. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. It deals with use of enterococcus, genetic diversity, poultry biological research, poultry manure, contamination prevention, different poultry species, poultry farms, poultry production chain and temperature for poultry. The various sub-fields of poultry science along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into the field of poultry science and management. It is a comprehensive reference for the poultry industry, students, researchers as well as practitioners.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Effective Temperature for Poultry and Pigs in Hot Climate...........1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Methods and results.............................................................................4

3. Discussion.............................................................................................17

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................20

Chapter 2 Prevalence, Risks and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella in Poultry Production Chain.......................................................................24

Abstract.................................................................................................24

1. Introduction..........................................................................................25

2. Salmonella species classification........................................................25

3. Transmission routes, public health and economic cost associated

with Salmonella infection..................................................................26

4. Salmonella spp. in poultry and poultry products.......................30

5. Primary and secondary poultry processing and retail................32

6. Food of animal and plant origin as a source of Salmonella

serovars for humans...........................................................................35

7. Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella serovars: a serious problem

in public health...................................................................................37

Chapter 3 How to Control Campylobacter in Poultry Farms?: An Overview of the Main Strategies.............................................................................49

Abstract.................................................................................................49

1. Introduction..........................................................................................49

2. Control Campylobacter in chicken farms......................................54

3. Conclusion............................................................................................62

Chapter 4 The Effect of Age on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality

Parameters in Different Poultry Species.............................................71

Abstract.................................................................................................71

1. Introduction..........................................................................................72

2. The effect of age on the growth rates of tissues and organs in

broiler chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese..................................73

3. The effect of age on the percentage content of edible and

nonedible components.......................................................................85

4. Conclusion............................................................................................88

Chapter 5 Identification of Microbial and Gaseous Contaminants in Poultry

Farms and Developing Methods for Contamination Prevention at

the Source...................................................................................................93

Abstract.................................................................................................93

1. Introduction..........................................................................................94

2. Microbial contaminations of poultry farms...................................95

3. Gaseous contaminations of poultry farms...................................102

4. Hygienic methods for reducing contamination in poultry

houses..................................................................................................104

5. Summary and conclusions..............................................................109

Chapter 6 Productivity and Structures of Marandu Grass Fertilized with

Poultry Manure Both with and Without Soil Chiseling..............119

Abstract...............................................................................................119

1. Introduction........................................................................................120

2. Productivity and structures of Marandu grass..........................121

3. Conclusion..........................................................................................130

Chapter 7 Infrared Thermography – Applications in Poultry Biological

Research.....................................................................................................133

1. Introduction ......................................................................................133

2. The IRTI camera specifications – Thermal accuracy and

calibration ..........................................................................................137

3. Sensible heat loss from fertile eggs of domestic fowl – The

rationale, the model and the applications ..................................142

4. Convective and radiative heat transfer from fowls:

Heat transfer relationships – The rationale, the model and the

applications .......................................................................................145

5. Overall conclusions .........................................................................159

6. Acknowledgements .........................................................................159

Chapter 8 Molecular Approaches for the Study of Genetic Diversity in

Microflora of Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract....................................165

1. Introduction ......................................................................................165

2. Different methods used for the detection and identification of

microbial flora ..................................................................................170

3. Different methods of investigation and quantification of

microbial flora ..................................................................................176

4. Gene expression methods in microorganisms ...........................179

5. Conclusion ........................................................................................181

6. Acknowledgment .............................................................................182

Chapter 9 Use of Enterococcus, BST and Sterols for Poultry Pollution Source

Tracking in Surface and Groundwater..............................................196

1. Introduction ......................................................................................196

2. Materials and methods ...................................................................198

3. Results ................................................................................................204

4. Discussion .........................................................................................212

5. Conclusion ........................................................................................217

6. Acknowledgement .........................................................................217

Citation......................................................................................................225

Index...........................................................................................................227

About Author

Brandon Peterson obtained his Ph.D. in Animal Science from Public Research University, Puebla. His researches focus on biological engineering, veterinary immunology and veterinary epidemiology. He serves as an Associate Lecturer at Science College, Cuyo. He has written numerous articles and research papers on domestic animal physiology, poultry science, companion animal science and companion animal systems management. Peterson has also attended numerous agricultural conferences and symposiums and has presented 8 papers on livestock production and poultry domestication.