About Book

Energy takes plenty of time to regenerate. This certainly makes it essential to conserve energy. Energy is an essential aspect of everyday life. Energy can be produced from renewable as well as non-renewable sources of Energy. Due to the rise in world population in the last couple of decades, the need for energy conservation has dramatically risen. The energy produced from non-renewable sources such as coal and petroleum produce pollution which adversely impacts our environment. Therefore, the need of the hour is to use renewable sources of energy such as sunlight, wind, waves, etc. to meet the primary energy demands. Governments across the globe are stressing on the use of alternative energy production methods like solar panels, hydropower, wind energy, etc. so as to limit the use of biodiesel in energy production. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of Energy. It discusses in detail the various theories and techniques related to this field in depth. It deals with energy efficiency, energy conservation, earth shelters, energy storage system, sunlight simulation, emission analysis, optimal energy management and solar energy harvest. The various subfields of this discipline along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in great detail. The topics introduced in the book cover all the elements from the most basic to the most complex. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers to understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 A Distributed Optimization Method for Optimal Energy Management in Smart Grid.....................................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Constrained optimization problems in smart grid........................4

3. Sequential distributed consensus-based ADMM approach........10

4. Simulation results for test systems..................................................16

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................24

Conflict of interest..............................................................................24

Chapter 2 CCHP System Performance Based on Economic Analysis, Energy Conservation and Emission Analysis...................................................28

Abstract.................................................................................................28

1. Introduction..........................................................................................29

2. History...................................................................................................31

3. Basic CCHP system design configuration......................................32

4. Prime movers.......................................................................................33

5. Performance parameters of CCHP..................................................36

6. Economic analysis...............................................................................38

7. Energy conservation...........................................................................40

8. Emission analysis................................................................................41

9. Summary...............................................................................................43

Chapter 3 A BIM-Based Study on the Sunlight Simulation in Order to Calculate Solar Energy for Sustainable Buildings with Solar Panels...........................................................................................................47

Abstract.................................................................................................47

1. Introduction..........................................................................................48

2. Background...........................................................................................50

3. Methodology........................................................................................52

4. Results and discussion.......................................................................64

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................68

Acknowledgements.............................................................................69

Chapter 4 A Hybrid Energy Storage System for a Coaxial Power-Split Hybrid

Powertrain...................................................................................................72

Abstract.................................................................................................72

1. Introduction..........................................................................................73

2. System description..............................................................................76

3. Mathematical model...........................................................................78

4. Energy management strategy design..............................................81

5. Results and discussion.......................................................................83

6. Conclusions..........................................................................................92

Nomenclature.......................................................................................93

Greek letters.........................................................................................94

Subscript................................................................................................94

Acronyms..............................................................................................94

Chapter 5 A New Attempt to Better Understand Arrehnius Equation and Its

Activation Energy ....................................................................................98

1. Introduction..........................................................................................98

2. Background and the present work goal .......................................99

3. Thermodynamic interpretation of αi model................................100

4. Conclusions........................................................................................113

Chapter 6 Earth Shelters; A Review of Energy Conservation Properties in

Earth Sheltered Housing.......................................................................117

1. Introduction........................................................................................117

2. Fundamentals of Earth sheltered housing ................................119

3. Modern construction techniques and design typology ...........123

4. Evaluation of energy conservation principles in earth shelter

schemes ..............................................................................................131

5. Soil suitability analysis for earth sheltered building

construction .....................................................................................140

6. Thermal Integrity Analysis of earth sheltered houses .............141

7. Conclusion .......................................................................................144

Chapter 7 Understanding Energy Conservation: Intersection Between

Biological and Everyday Life Contexts.............................................147

1. Introduction........................................................................................147

2. Data collection methods and analysis .........................................152

3. Data analysis ....................................................................................155

4. Results and discussion ...................................................................156

5. Implications for teaching and learning about energy

conservation ......................................................................................164

6. Recommendations for future research ........................................165

7. Conclusion .........................................................................................166

Chapter 8 Energy Conservation in Ethanol-Water Distillation Column with

Vapour Recompression Heat Pump ..................................................170

1. Introduction........................................................................................170

2. Energy requirements in ethanol distillation ...............................172

3. Energy conservation schemes in distillation column ...............172

4. Ethanol-water vapour recompression distillation column ......174

5. Discussion of results.........................................................................190

6. Conclusions .......................................................................................197

Chapter 9 Albedo Effect and Energy Efficiency of Cities................................201

1. Introduction........................................................................................201

2. Albedo effect .....................................................................................202

3. Influence of albedo on global warming ......................................207

4. The albedo and the cities ...............................................................208

5. Quantification of albedo effect ......................................................213

6. Conclusions .......................................................................................217

Chapter 10 Photobiological Solar Energy Harvest .............................................219

1. Introduction ......................................................................................219

2. Photobioreactor systems for biofuel production .......................228

3. Algal biodiesel production and energy usage ...........................234

4. Efficiency results and other considerations ................................245

5. Conclusions and outlook ...............................................................253

Citation......................................................................................................261

Index...........................................................................................................263

About Author

Diago Ramsay received his Ph.D. in Renewable Energy from Public University, Exeter. He specializes in the fields of bioenergy and geothermal energy and has contributed towards research of the same. He served as a visiting professor to several universities across Europe. Ramsay has produced several articles and books focused on energy conservation and related environmental concerns. He has been an eminent speaker in seminars across Europe, America and Asia. His thorough efforts towards addressing environmental issues have been recognized and appreciated globally.